Committee on Toxicology (1996). The composition of JP-8 batches is continuously variable because the specification is based primarily on performance characteristics rather than chemical composition. © Cedrus Internet Solutions (Pty) Ltd 2018. www.L2B.co.za publishes this information in good faith but is not liable for any loss or damage caused by reliance on the information it contains. Results of the three sequential tape-strip samples from the first 30 subjects showed that when the naphthalene recovery in the first tape-strip from that sampling site was below the limit of detection (LOD), the naphthalene recovery in the second and third tape-strips were both below LOD. lightly dampened with isopropyl alcohol (at least 91%). These Air Force members worked with or were exposed to JP-8 to various degrees while performing their military duties. We put new business prospect leads within your reach. Dermal penetration and absorption of jet fuels in general, and JP-8 in particular, is not well understood, even though government and industry, worldwide, use over 4.5 billion gallons of JP-8 per year. The fluxes ranged from a high of 51.5 micrograms/cm2/h (an additive, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether) to a low of 0.334 micrograms/cm2/h (tridecane). Despite the increasing number of studies conducted on JP-8, none of them has focused on quantification and assessment of dermal exposure to JP-8 on humans. you need a replacement strip. Egeghy PP, Hauf-Cabalo L, Gibson R et al. Cutaneous exposures have the potential to cause skin irritation, sensitization or skin cancer. Copyright © 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Entrants performing work inside the fuel tank wearing cotton overall unavoidably contact JP-8. Whole body dermal exposure to naphthalene [ln(ng m−2)] by the three exposure groups and seven job titles. Dermal exposure to naphthalene [ln(ng m−2)] by the sampled body regions. The primary specifications related to composition are: aromatics are limited to 22% and total sulfur is limited to 0.3% by weight (U.S. Air Force, 1992). (, 1Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7431, Rosenau Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7431, USA; 2Armed Forces Epidemiological Board, Department of Defense, Falls Church, VA, USA, Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. In addition, we have a library of Owner’s Manuals and Support Documents that you can download and reference. Yamaha
This is the Boutique driver for Microsoft Windows 8.1 / 8 / 7. Patrick and coworkers (1985) suggested different mechanisms of irritation for different chemicals in their study because blood flow, vascular permeability, skin thickness, and infiltration of white blood cells showed a differential response depending on the irritant. JP-8 fuel (POSF 3509) was analyzed using a Varian 3500 Gas Chromatograph with flame ionization detection (FID). Alternatively, you can power the JP-08 via USB bus power. The refined hydrocarbon component with the greatest flux was decane, and the component with the smallest flux was tridecane. notes don't play, or play too loudly. In Principles of Route-to-Route Extrapolation for Risk Assessment (T. R. Gerrity and C. J. Henry, Eds. Please check for further notifications by email. THIS CONTACT STRIP
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group (1997). Spark creativity with in-depth writing on people, trends, tech, and history. We have previously shown that dermal JP-8 exposure, using naphthalene as a marker, can be measured by the tape-strip technique, which removes the upper layers of the stratum corneum, when coupled with GC–MS analysis (Chao and Nylander-French, 2004; Mattorano et al., 2004). If you have questions about operating your Roland product, please check our Knowledge Base for answers to the most common questions. The donor chamber was placed on top of the skin and secured by screw clamps. Support - Updates & Drivers. Composition of JP-8 (sample identification POSF-3509) as Analyzed by Gas Chromatography, Fluxes and Breakthrough Times of JP-8 Components across Rat Skin Exposed for 4 Hours in Static Diffusion Cells, Chemical Characteristics and Measured Permeability Coefficients for Each of the Chemical Components Identified in the Receptor Solutions from JP-8 Exposures, Concentrations of JP-8 Components Found in the Skin at the End of the 3.5-Hour Exposures in Static Diffusion Cells Compared to the Concentration of the Components in JP-8, Determination of a Composite Oral Reference Concentration for the Fractions of JP-8 that Come through the Skin7–C16 aromatic(mg/kg/day)Percent of fluxWeighted RfD. Assessing risks from systemic absorption of hydrocarbon components is complex because most of the components are present in the mixture in small quantities (less than 1%). JP-8 was absorbed into the skin during 3.5-h diffusion cell experiments. Enter your username here and a new password will be emailed to you. Line is the linear regression which was used to estimate flux. KORG KARMA
We also wish to thank Drs. Subjects who complained about skin irritation because of contact with JP-8 or performed fuel-tank entry had a significantly increased dermal exposure to naphthalene (for both models P < 0.0001). Collinearity was investigated by eigenvalues and condition indices. Male rats (CDF® F-344/CrlBr, Charles River Breeding Laboratories), weighing 267–363 g, were sacrificed using CO2 asphyxiation. In brief, the tape was applied onto the skin surface with a constant pressure and retained for 2 min before it was removed at ∼45° angle using clean forceps. Gasoline and kerosene are important and widely used categories of fuel. Akasaka 6-14-12, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan 107-0052 TEL:03-3586-4050 1) were used to determine flux and skin concentrations of JP-8 and its components. and
(, Smith LB, Bhattacharya A, Lemasters G et al. Here we have shown that this approach can be used to measure dermal exposure to JP-8 in an occupational exposure setting. You can even edit the sound from the master module and control both units. Carrying bag for one Roland Boutique module. Hence, increased dermal exposure to JP-8 on different body regions was expected. The JP-08 retains the big sound of the JUPITER-8 but shrinks everything else – including the price – into a module measuring under 12” across. Three blank tapes per subject were processed along with dermal tape-strip samples as a quality control measure. There is not enough information available on skin absorption to be able to determine the duration and mass of dermal exposure that would cause irritation. A control cell with no JP-8 added was used as the baseline response for each time point. Inhalation and dermal exposure are the most prevalent routes. A one-way analysis of variance was used to investigate differences in dermal exposure to naphthalene between different exposure groups, job titles, use of personal protective equipment (respirator, cotton overalls and booties) or smoking status. JP-8 has been recognized as a major source of chemical exposure for fuel-cell maintenance workers (ATSDR, 1998; Carlton and Smith, 2000). The high-exposure group consisted of entrants (n = 85). Personal protective equipment included use of respirators (n = 96, 77.4%), cotton overalls (n = 98, 79.0%) and booties (n = 40, 32.3%). 125–144. In our study, the chemicals with lower octanol/water partition coefficients had larger permeability coefficients than chemicals with larger octanol/water partition coefficients. It is also possible to identify individual components of JP-8 that penetrate the skin. Expand your knowledge with tutorials and guides from subject-matter experts. Isomers of methyl naphthalene and dimethyl naphthalene were integrated separately and their masses were combined. Overall, dermal exposure to naphthalene was different among the sampled regions (P < 0.0001). In contrast to the refined hydrocarbon components, DIEGME penetration was steep at first and then nearly plateaued, as shown in Figure 3. With such an expressive sound engine, you’ll want to shape the sounds to match your mood. JP-5 and JP-8 are used as military aircraft fuels. The wires can also be bent for a better contact with the bus rod. 5-Note Strip. No systemic toxicity has been documented from JP-8 dermal exposures in humans or laboratory animals. As a mixture, JP-8 has been tested for toxicity and found to be relatively non-toxic. We conclude that the fuel-cell workers investigated here had extensive dermal exposure to JP-8 and thus, action may be required to minimize exposure and potential health effects. Error bars are standard deviation. The petroleum industry refines crude oil to a wide range of fractions that are blended into oils and fuels for a wide variety of uses. Three legendary Roland synths, now available as affordable, limited-edition sound modules. The JP-08 features a chain mode that allows you to connect two JP-08 modules using the MIDI ports and create one, 8-voice synthesizer, just like the original. For the statistical analyses, a value of 2/3 of the LOD was assigned to all the tape-strip samples detected to be below LOD, whereas the unanalyzed second and third tape-strip samples were assigned a value of zero. You can even slide the JP-08 into the optional K-25m keyboard unit for a self-contained, go-anywhere synth experience. A few studies of military personnel have provided suggestive evidence that JP-8 … The oven temperature was 80°C initially, and was increased at 3°C per minute to 230°C. JP-8 is more irritating to rats than the JP-4 it replaced (Baker et al., 1999). The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) countries selected JP-8 as the primary jet fuel in 1972. Copyright © 2020 British Occupational Hygiene Society. CRC Press, Boca Raton. The study was approved by the institutional review boards of all of the participating investigators. Use a cotton swab
Skin temperature in the cells was controlled at 32°C with a Haake DC3 circulating water bath (Karlsruhe, Germany). The vehicle is extremely important when permeabilities are measured or used, because these components, as a series, show a reversed order of penetration compared to penetration expected from an aqueous vehicle. WE SHIP WORLDWIDE. Key Contact Strip